Closing is giammai less intertextual, both durante its assurances of the lovers’ perfect union and con the insistence on textual boundaries: Sires et rois est apieles Et ele apielee roine

and London, 1989), pp. 20–50 (‘Fergus: the Courtois Vilain’); D. D. R. L. Per. Arrathoon (Rochester, MI, 1984), pp. 47–81, and ‘The Craft of Fergus: Supplementary Notes’, French Studies Bulletin 25 (1987–88), 1–5 (on Guillaume’s debt onesto the Perceval Continuations). It is astonishing that it receives so little mention, as far as one can tell sopra the absence of an index, per The Legacy of Chretien de Troyes, anche. N. J. Lacy et al., 2 vols. (Amsterdam, ). There is verso reference mediante I, 145. Marquardt, Der Einfluss Kristians von Troyes auf den Roman ‘Fergus’ des Guillaume Le Clerc (Gottingen, 1906). The nearest parallel is Huon de Mery’s Tournoiement Antechrist. Here too the essential borrowings from Chretien had been recognized per an early German dissertation (by Max Grebel, Leipzig, 1883), but have only quite recently been examined for the artistry with which they have been recycled: see K. Busby, ‘Plagiarism and Poetry durante the Tournoiement Antechrist of Huon de Mery’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 84 (1983), 505–21. For the distinction of the terms parody, pastiche and burlesque, which Owen tends to use interchangeably, see Tau. Hunt, ‘La Parodie medievale: le cas d’Aucassin et Nicolette’, Romania 100 (1979), 341–81 (pp. 347–50). There are references in Chretien puro a Scottish king Aguisel https://datingranking.net/it/xmeeting-review/ (Erec line 1966), Carduel (Erec line 5724, Yvain line 7, Perceval lines 330 and 797), Cototatre (Perceval line 3613 ? Firth of Forth), Danebroc (Erec lines 2127 and 2133 ? Edinburgh), Scotland (Erec lines 1966, 5223 and 6638; Cliges lines 1473 and 2386), Galloway (Perceval lines 6522, 8301 and 8560; Erec lines 6089 and 6821), Orcanie (Perceval lines 8741, 8941, 8995 and 9023). See R. L. Graeme Ritchie, Chretien de Troyes and Scotland, The Zaharoff Lecture for 1952 (Oxford, 1952).

This was illustrated, albeit rather atomistically, by one of the first modern publications on Fergus, W

And yet, although Fergus is often approached as per roman d’apprentissage with verso lieve imperfezione-Perceval as hero21 – Marquardt already showed there were more debts onesto the Perceval than puro any other of Chretien’s romances – the context of the whole work is unmistakably inscribed durante the cadre of Yvain, the paradigm of medieval romance which seems sicuro have been ever present con Guillaume’s mind. The pastiche begins with the details of the veste en scene. The opening incident of Yvain takes place ‘apres mengier, par mi les sales’ (line 8) echoed durante ‘Frumentone es sales se sejornoient/ Apres mangier . . .’ (Fergus lines 19–20), but whereas per Chretien the guests talk together of ‘recent happenings’ (nouveles, line 12) and love (amours, line 13), and then Calogrenant begins preciso relate an adventure notable for being preciso his discredit, Fergus isolates two members of the court, Gauvain and Yvain, compares them loftily with Achilles and Patroclus, and then with calculated bathos reveals that they talk merely ‘d’unes et d’autres’ (line 33: ‘of this and that’) and ‘disoit cascuns son voloir’ (line 37: ‘each said whatever he pleased’), thus trivializing the theme of courtaud conversation. Per signal inversion of the source occurs when the two friends are interrupted by the unexpected arrival of the king (‘Li rois dato che laisse entr’els caoir’, line 38), whereas con Yvain it is the queen who interrupts (‘Nell’eventualita che ora non piu laissie entr’eus queoir’, line 66; Arthur is asleep), the interruption causing Gauvain and Calogrenant respectively preciso spring esatto their feet (‘Sinon est errant sailli en pies’, Fergus line 41; ‘Sali en pies contre li sus’, Yvain line 68). Arthur is far from drowsy, but bored and bent on action: ‘je vel orendroit errer./ Li sejorners pas ne me plest:/ Je vel cachier en la forest’ (Fergus lines 46–48: ‘I’ve verso mind puro arnesi out straight away! Loafing around is not preciso my taste: I wish esatto go hunting in the forest’). The audience is thus invited puro appreciate the reworking of per celebrated romance opening. Cil [l’]aimme com s’amie stop Et ele quello comme ami delicate. Guillaumes li clers trait per compatissante De sa matere et de sa trove. Car en nule terre ne trove Nul homme ora tant ta vescu Del chevalier au biel escu Plus en avant conter l’en sace. Ici met la bonne et l’estace; Ici oriente la fins del roumans. Grans joie viegne as escoutans. (lines 7000–12)22